Cardioplegia is a pharmacological therapy administered during cardiac surgery to intentionally and temporarily arrest the heart. The cardioplegia solution is infused into the coronary circulation through the aorta and vena cava. The goal of cardioplegia is to provide an adequate amount of blood flow to the myocardium and brain while providing protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Neuromodulation refers to the therapeutic technique of directly influencing or modulating the nervous system’s activity to treat various medical conditions. This approach involves altering the
Chronic respiratory diseases refer to a group of long-term medical conditions that affect the respiratory system, which includes the airways, lungs, and associated structures. These
Gastroenterology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders related to the digestive system, which includes the organs responsible for
