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The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick, tough, fibrous membrane composed of dense connective tissue. It is composed of two layers: an outer periosteal layer and an inner meningeal layer. The dura mater provides protection and support for the brain and spinal cord and helps to regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. It also helps to anchor the brain and spinal cord to the skull and vertebrae.
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