Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If not removed, plaque can harden into calculus (tartar), which can only be removed by a dental professional.
Gum disease is usually painless, so many people are not aware that they have it. The early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis, which causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more serious form of gum disease called periodontitis. Periodontitis can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that can become infected. The infection can damage the gums, the bone supporting the teeth, and the fibers that hold the teeth in place.
Gum disease can be prevented by brushing and flossing regularly, getting regular dental checkups, and receiving professional cleanings. If you are experiencing symptoms of gum disease, such as bleeding gums or bad breath, it is important to speak with a dental professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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